Surface characteristics and wettability of novel gingival col designed 3-D printed dental sectional matrices.

OBJECTIVE: The physical properties and wettability of 3-D printed Polyethylene terephthalate - glycol (PET-G) and Poly(lactic) acid (PLA) dental sectional matrices were investigated. METHODS: Experimental matrices was designed in a rectangular shape one-side depression corresponds to gingival col and without sharp edges and printed on FDM machine Ender Pro 3 (Creality®, Shenzhen, China). The physical textures, thicknesses, water contact angles were compared to conventional stainless steel (SS) matrix. RESULTS: PETG and PLA sample matrices were clinically single-side smooth compared to SS matrix. PETG specimens had uniformly 0.055 mm whereas PLAs were non-uniformly ∼0.065-0.075 mm in thickness. The mean ± standard deviation (SS) of contact angle for SS was 78.29 ± 0.18, for PETG was 72.09 ± 0.94, for PLA was 73.03 ± 1.17. CONCLUSION: PETG and PLA dental matrices might have desirable properties: being hydrophobic, non-charged, easy to manufacture and mimicking the gingival col depression in the dental interproximal contact area.

Quantification of Surface Relation Between Experimental Polylactic Acid Dental Matrix and Type II Glass Ionomers Using Peel Adhesion Test and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.

AIM: Type II glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a posterior restorative material that is generally not recommended for interaction with stainless steel due to chemical ion exchange. The purpose of this study is to quantify the surface relation of experimental three-dimensional (3D)-printed polylactic acid (PLA) and type II GIC using the peel adhesion test and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental PLA dental matrix specimens were 3D printed in the form of an open circumferential dental matrix (75x6x0.0055 mm) using a fused deposition modeling (FDM) machine. The peel resistance test (ASTM D1876) was applied to determine the relative peel resistance of the adhesive bonds between the PLA dental matrix, traditional circumferential stainless steel (SS) matrix, and GIC. The PLA bands were characterized using an FT-IR spectrophotometer (Spectrum 100, PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) for the simultaneous determination of the chemical relationships of the surfaces before and after the GIC was set in a simulated class II cavity model. RESULTS: The mean peel strengths (P/b) ± standard deviations of the PLA and SS dental matrix bands were 0.0017 ± 0.0003 N/mm and 0.3122 ± 0.0042 N/mm, respectively. The -C H stretching was observed at 3383 cm-1 after adhesion, which corresponded to vibrational movements on the surface. CONCLUSION:  It required ~184 times less force to separate the GIC from the PLA surface compared to the traditional SS matrix. Additionally, there was no evidence of a new chemical bond or strong chemical interaction occurring between the GIC and the experimental PLA dental matrix.

COVID-19 Reflections on Restorative Treatments of Permanent First Molars.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: It is important to provide appropriate dental care for newly erupted permanent first molars (PFMs) since they are susceptible to caries. As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to significant changes in the way dental services are provided to patients, the purpose of this study is to examine the procedure records assigned to PFMs of 6-15 year-olds during the pandemic and analyze the restorative material preferences of the residents of public dental hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Procedure records of patients aged between 6-15 years were extracted from the Public Oral and Dental Health Center, Bursa, Türkiye. All teeth groups except PFMs were excluded, while extracted, survived (restorative/endodontic/prosthetic procedures), and prevented (fissure sealant application) PFMs were analyzed retrospectively. Furthermore, restorative material preferences were analyzed by arch location, cavity surfaces, and dentition types. RESULTS: Strong positive correlation was seen between age and PFM extraction (r=0.973; p<0.001) and age and PFM restorative treatments (r= 0.966; p<0.001); a negative correlation was detected between age and fissure sealants (r= -0.984; p<0,001) performed on PFMs of 8-15-year-olds. Amalgam was most often preferred as the restorative material (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The distribution of treatments and dental restorations can vary based on many factors, and the pandemic conditions may have changed treatment preferences to favor preventive dentistry. The excess of multi-surface restorations may be related to the delay of treatment applications during COVID-19.

Assessment of oral manifestations in pediatric patients with celiac disease in relation to marsh types

experience, and oral hygiene status, and to measure salivary flow rate, salivary buffer capacity, and salivary cariogenic microflora with Marsh types. Material and Methods: A single-blind, prospective clinical study with 62 pediatric patients diagnosed with celiac disease with 64 controls. Clinical identification of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) was followed according to the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria. DMFS and dfs index were used for the caries experience of each child. The clinical diagnosis of RAU was present or not. Oral hygiene was surveyed by recording the OHI-S and the CRT® Bacteria and Buffer Test was used to examine the cariogenic microflora of each child. Results: The prevalence of MIH was 61% and the number of recurrent aphthous ulcers were significantly higher in children with celiac disease. There was no statistically significant difference in the CD group, when DMFS, dfs, and MIH parameters were investigated according to dietary compliance. Higher dietary compliance resulted in better oral hygiene status. There was an inverse relationship between the duration of celiac diagnosis and the presence of MIH. A positive relation was found between the duration of the disease and the severity of MIH. In addition to the higher S. mutans counts, the salivary flow rate was very low in children with celiac disease, indicating a positive correlation between poor dietary compliance and poorer oral hygiene. Conclusions: In children, enamel defects and recurrent mucosal lesions may be a sign of celiac disease. Higher numbers of dental caries in permanent teeth of children with celiac disease may be related to Marsh 2 type. The pediatricians and/or pediatric gastroenterologists should refer the chin with celiac disease to the pediatric dentist for the accurate treatment of intraoral manifestations of the disease itself. (AU)

The oral health status of children undergoing hemodialysis treatment.

In this study, we investigated the oral status of children suffering from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with the aim of determining the causes of low caries prevalence in this population (using the CRT bacteria and buffer test), and compared results with a control group (n=38). In the study group, there were 38 children (aged 4-17 years) who were being treated in pediatric nephrology units at three different hospitals in Izmir, Turkey. The study and control groups did not significantly differ in daily tooth brushing frequency and periodic dental check-up frequency. Severe enamel hypoplasia was present in the study group. Dmft, DMFT, gingival and plaque indices were compared statistically in mixed dentition stage with the control group and dmft and gingival status showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). The differences among groups for DMFT and plaque indices were not statistically significant. In the study group, high salivary buffer capacity was found in 89.5% of patients. Salivary levels of cariogenic streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in the study group were significantly lower than in the control group. In conclusion, probably due to increased concentrations of antibacterial chemicals such as urea in the saliva of children with ESRD, decreased levels of cariogenic microorganisms were detected. Therefore, although dental treatment need is not high, these children should receive dental health education, including oral hygiene instruction, in order to improve their overall oral health.